Search results for " chemical composition"

showing 10 items of 18 documents

Characterisation of the magmatic signature in gas emissions from Turrialba Volcano, Costa Rica

2014

The equilibrium composition of volcanic gases with their magma is often overprinted by interaction with a shallow hydrothermal system. Identifying the magmatic signature of volcanic gases is critical to relate their composition to properties of the magma (temperature, fO2, gas-melt segregation depth). We report measurements of the chemical composition and flux of the major gas species emitted from Turrialba Volcano during March 2013. Measurements were made of two vents in the summit region, one of which opened in 2010 and the other in 2012. We determined an average SO2 flux of 5.2 ± 1.9 kg s-1 using scanning ultraviolet spectroscopy, and molar proportions of H2O, CO2, SO2, HCl, CO and H2 ga…

010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesStratigraphyChemical compositionContinuous emissionSoil ScienceMineralogyVolcanoe010502 geochemistry & geophysics01 natural sciencesHydrothermal circulationVolcanic GasesHydrothermal systemFlux (metallurgy)lcsh:StratigraphyMagmatic signaturesGeochemistry and PetrologyUltraviolet spectroscopyeventGas compositionFourier transform infrared spectroscopyChemical compositionlcsh:QE640-6990105 earth and related environmental sciencesEarth-Surface Processesevent.disaster_typegeographygeography.geographical_feature_categorylcsh:QE1-996.5Fourier transform infrared spectrometryPaleontologyFourier transform infrared spectroscopyGeologyChemical signatureGas-sensing systemlcsh:GeologyGeophysicsVolcanoCarbon dioxideSulfur dioxide13. Climate actionEquilibrium compositionMagmaCarbon dioxide; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Sulfur dioxide; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Volcanoes; Chemical compositions; Chemical signatures; Continuous emission; Equilibrium compositions; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry; Gas-sensing systems; Hydrothermal system; Magmatic signaturesGeology
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Physicochemical properties, sugar profile, and non-starch polysaccharides characterization of old wheat malt landraces

2021

Abstract Craft beers produced by small breweries are becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to their unique composition, taste, and flavour. Wheat malt is a traditional brewing raw material with great potential to improve beer properties such as mouthfeel, foam, haze, and flavour. In this study, the malting quality of eight wheat varieties (four common and four durum) was evaluated to explore the feasibility of producing 100 % wheat malt beer from old landraces. The physicochemical characteristics such as friability, Kolbach index, viscosity, and colour, of the wheat malts indicated a better degree of modification in the common wheat varieties when compared to that of the durum wheat v…

030309 nutrition & dieteticsStarchMalting qualityFlavourOld wheat landracesBiologyRaw materialPolysaccharide01 natural sciences03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundMouthfeelimmune system diseaseshemic and lymphatic diseasesFood scienceCommon wheatSugarchemistry.chemical_classification0303 health sciencesWheat malt chemical compositionbusiness.industryLocal craft beer010401 analytical chemistryfood and beverages0104 chemical scienceschemistryBrewingWheat malt sugar profilebusinessLocal craft beer Malting quality Old wheat landraces Wheat malt chemical composition Wheat malt sugar profileFood Science
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Thermomineral waters of Greece: geochemical characterization

2020

75 °C). In terms of pH most results vary from 5.5 to 823 °C) ii) warm (23 40 °C) iii) thermal (40 75 °C) and iv) hyperthermal (&gtfew springs show either very low pH (&lt10) proposing serpentinization processes. Regarding TDS concentrations collected waters can be subdivided into low salinity (up to 1.5 g/L) brackish (up to 20 g/L) and saline (up to 43 g/L). The medium high salinities can be justified by mixing with sea water and/or strong waterrock interaction processes. Isotope composition of O and H ranges from 12.7 to +2.7 ‰ SMOW and from 91 to +12 ‰ SMOW respectively and is generally comprised between the Global Meteoric Water Line and the East Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line. Only few water samples show a positive shift for δ18O possibly related to high temperature waterrock interaction processes. Carbon dioxide (18 997000 μmol/mol) or N2 (1100 989000 μmol/mol) or CH4 (&ltMany geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by Miocene or Quaternary volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Moreover the majority of them is found along the coast as well as in islands of the Aegean Sea and thus thermal water is often brackish to saline due to marine intrusion into costal aquifer. In the present study almost 300 thermal and cold mineral water samples were collected along the Hellenic territory with their physicochemical parameters (temperature pH electrical conductivity and Eh) and the amount of bicarbonates (titration with 0.1N HCl) being determined in situ. Additionally gases found either in free or dissolved phase were sampled. Both water and gas samples were analysed at the INGVPa laboratories for major ions (Ion Chromatography) silica (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) chemical composition of free and dissolved gases (Gas Chromatography) water isotopes (O and H) and carbon and helium isotopes of free and dissolved gases (Mass Spectrometry). The temperature of the investigated waters ranges from 6.5 to 98°C pH from 1.96 to 11.98 whilst Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 0.06 to 43 g/L. Based on the temperature parameter waters can be divided into four groups: i) cold (&lt0.5 913000 μmol/mol) are the prevailing gas species found in the studied sites. The δ13CCO2 values ranged from 20.1 to +8.5 ‰ whilst the isotope ratio of He from 0.21 to 6.71 R/RA.4) suggesting interaction with H2Srich gases or very high pH values (&gtSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E Vulcanologia
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Proximate Composition and Nutritional Value of Three Macroalgae: Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcata

2017

Proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid and ash content) and nutritional value (fatty acid, amino acid and mineral profile) of three macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Bifurcaria bifurcate) were studied. Chemical composition was significantly (p < 0.001) different among the three seaweeds. In this regard, the B. bifurcata presented the highest fat content (6.54% of dry matter); whereas, F. vesiculosus showed the highest protein level (12.99% dry matter). Regarding fatty acid content, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were the most abundant followed by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). On the other hand, the three seawe…

<i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>; <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i>; <i>Bifurcaria bifurcate</i>; seaweeds; fatty acid profile; amino acid content; minerals; chemical compositionBifurcaria bifurcatePharmaceutical ScienceFucus vesiculosusPhaeophytaArticleFatty Acids Monounsaturatedfatty acid profile0404 agricultural biotechnologyDrug DiscoveryBotanychemical compositionDry matterFood scienceAmino Acidslcsh:QH301-705.5Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)Ascophyllumchemistry.chemical_classificationbiologyAscophyllum nodosumFatty AcidsFucus vesiculosusProteinsFatty acid04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesmineralsSeaweedbiology.organism_classificationLipids040401 food scienceBifurcariaAmino acidseaweedslcsh:Biology (General)chemistryamino acid contentFucusFatty Acids UnsaturatedFucusNutritive ValueAscophyllumPolyunsaturated fatty acidMarine Drugs
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Aircraft-based observations of isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) in the tropical upper troposphere over the Amazon reg…

2018

During the ACRIDICON-CHUVA field project (September–October 2014; based in Manaus, Brazil) aircraft-based in situ measurements of aerosol chemical composition were conducted in the tropical troposphere over the Amazon using the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), covering altitudes from the boundary layer (BL) height up to 14.4&thinsp;km. The submicron non-refractory aerosol was characterized by flash-vaporization/electron impact-ionization aerosol particle mass spectrometry. The results show that significant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation by isoprene oxidation products occurs in the upper troposphere (UT), leading to increased organic aerosol mass concentratio…

Atmospheric Science010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences010501 environmental sciencesMass spectrometry01 natural sciencesTropospherelcsh:Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundAltitudeNitrateddc:550WolkenphysikAerosolNOxIsoprene0105 earth and related environmental sciencesaerosol chemical compositionisoprene oxidationAtmosphärische SpurenstoffeACRIDICON15. Life on landOberpfaffenhofenlcsh:QC1-999Aerosolchemistrylcsh:QD1-99913. Climate actionEnvironmental chemistryHALOMass spectrumEnvironmental sciencesecondary organic aerosol (SOA)lcsh:PhysicsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity Assessment of the Aerial Part Extracts from the Infraspecific Taxa of Matthiola frutic…

2021

In a project designed to investigate the specific and infraspecific taxa of Matthiola endemic to Sicily (Italy) as new potential sources of bioactive compounds in this work, the infraspecific taxa of Matthiola fruticulosa were studied, namely, subsp. fruticulosa and subsp. coronopifolia. HPLC–PDA/ESI–MS and SPME–GC/MS analyses of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of the two subspecies led to the detection of 51 phenolics and 61 volatile components, highlighting a quite different qualitative–quantitative profile. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were explored through in vitro methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activ…

DPPHPharmaceutical Sciencebiological activityBrine shrimpMatthiolaSubspecies01 natural sciencesAnalytical Chemistry03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundQD241-441Biological activity; Chemical composition; Matthiola fruticulosa; Native plants; Natural resource; Sicily; Animals; Antioxidants; Artemia; Brassicaceae; Larva; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Sicily; Toxicity Tests.Drug Discoverychemical compositionBioassaySettore BIO/15 - Biologia FarmaceuticaPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrySicily030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesbiologyTraditional medicineSettore BIO/02 - Botanica Sistematica<i>Matthiola fruticulosa</i>Organic ChemistryBrassicaceaenative plantsnative plantbiology.organism_classificationnatural resource0104 chemical sciences010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistrychemistryPhytochemicalChemistry (miscellaneous)Matthiola fruticulosaMolecular MedicineArtemia salinaMolecules
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A systematic literature review on less common natural fibres and their biocomposites

2018

Abstract Interest in utilization of renewable resources is increasing because of public's environmental awareness and economic considerations. Lignocellulosic fibres have already attracted growing attention as reinforcement of polymeric matrices instead of synthetic ones (mainly glass) from the academic and industrial fields. In addition to kenaf, hemp, sisal, flax and jute, which are the subject of extensive investigations for composite applications since the 1970s, in the last years several researchers suggested the use of less common natural fibres, due to their low cost and availability. This paper reviews the extraction methods, chemical, morphological, thermal and mechanical propertie…

Engineeringbiobased compositesStrategy and ManagementMechanical and thermal propertie02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringNatural (archaeology)Nanocelluloseagricultural residueschemical compositionmechanical and thermal propertiesnanocellulose extractionSISALGeneral Environmental Sciencecomputer.programming_languageLess common natural fibrebiologyRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environmentbusiness.industryPolymeric matrixBiobased composite021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologybiology.organism_classificationEnvironmentally friendlyKenaf0104 chemical sciencesSettore ING-IND/22 - Scienza E Tecnologia Dei Materialiagricultural residues; biobased composites; chemical composition; less common natural fibres; mechanical and thermal properties; nanocellulose extractionExtraction methodsAgricultural residueBiochemical engineeringless common natural fibres0210 nano-technologybusinesscomputerRenewable resource
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Aircraft-based operation of an aerosol mass spectrometer: Measurements of tropospheric aerosol composition

2006

The Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer was deployed on the Falcon twin jet research aircraft operated by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). This was the first deployment of an AMS in a jet aircraft. Aerosol mass concentration measurements in the troposphere up to altitudes of about 11 km were performed within two measurement flights on 12 and 14 May 2003 over southern Germany. Background aerosol data were gained up to 6 km, while aircraft exhaust aerosol was be sampled at higher altitudes on 14 May, indicating the presence of sulfuric acid and unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust particles. The boundary layer aerosol on 12 May was found to be composed of 49% organic…

Fluid Flow and Transfer ProcessesAtmospheric ScienceAmmonium sulfateEnvironmental EngineeringAerosol chemical compositionMechanical EngineeringAnalytical chemistryAtmosphärische SpurenstoffeAerosol mass spectrometryPollutionAerosolTropospherechemistry.chemical_compoundBoundary layerchemistryNitrateMass concentration (chemistry)Aerosol mass spectrometryDynamik der AtmosphäreSulfateAircraft measurements
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Comparative Chemical Compositions of Fresh and Stored Vesuvian PDO "Pomodorino Del Piennolo" Tomato and the Ciliegino Variety

2018

The Vesuvian Piennolo cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) (PdP) is an old and typical variety grown in the Campania region (Italy). PdP is referred to as a long-storage tomato due to its thick and coriaceous skin that allows long post-harvest storage and it has been granted Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status since 2009. In this study, the chemical composition, focusing in particular on organic acids, antioxidant molecules and volatile compounds, were investigated in PdP and compared to another typical variety in Campania, the Ciliegino tomato (CIL). Chemical characterization was evaluated for both the CIL and PdP varieties during storage in the same environmental condit…

Pharmaceutical Scienceantioxidants fractionsLycopersiconAntioxidantsArticleAnalytical ChemistryNOlcsh:QD241-441storagechemistry.chemical_compound0404 agricultural biotechnologyPomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio; antioxidants fractions; chemical composition; cherry tomato; organic acids; storage; volatile organic compoundsCherry tomatolcsh:Organic chemistrySolanum lycopersicumvolatile organic compoundsDrug Discoveryorganic acidschemical compositionPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryChemical compositionPomodorino del Piennolo del VesuviobiologyChemistryOrganic Chemistryfood and beverages04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesbiology.organism_classification040401 food scienceLycopeneHorticultureChemistry (miscellaneous)Geographic originFruitMolecular Medicinecherry tomato
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Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of the Aerial Part Extracts from Matthiola incana subsp. rupestris and subsp. pulchella (Brassicaceae)…

2021

As part of a project aimed at investigating the Matthiola taxa endemic to Sicily (Italy), this study focused on Matthiola incana, an edible species used in the traditional medicine of various countries. Herein, the characterization of phenolic and volatile compounds, the antioxidant capacity in vitro (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activity assays) and the toxicity test (Artemia salina lethality bioassay) of the hydroalcoholic extracts from the aerial parts of M. incana subsp. rupestris from Mt. Pellegrino (Palermo) and Mt. Erice (Trapani), and of M. incana subsp. pulchella are reported. The results are compared with those previously shown for M. inc…

Plant ExtractsSettore BIO/02 - Botanica SistematicaBiphenyl CompoundsPhytochemicalsbiological activity; chemical composition; infraspecific taxa; Matthiola incana; Sicilian vascular flora; Animals; Antioxidants; Artemia; Biphenyl Compounds; Brassicaceae; Phytochemicals; Picrates; Plant Components Aerial; Plant Extracts; Sicily.Plant Components AerialAntioxidantsPicratesBrassicaceaeAnimalsSicilian vascular flora Matthiola incana infraspecific taxa chemical composition biological activitySettore BIO/15 - Biologia FarmaceuticaArtemiaSicily
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